When comparing just the protein-coding regions of the genome, humans and pigs share approximately 98% similarity. This means that many of the genes responsible for producing proteins that perform essential biological functions are conserved between the two species.

The last common ancestor between humans and pigs is estimated to have lived around 79 to 97 million years ago. Since then, both species have undergone substantial evolutionary changes, leading to both similarities due to conserved functions and differences due to species-specific adaptations.