• Number of Jews in Europe Before the Holocaust: Approximately 9.5 million in 1933.

• Number Who Escaped: Estimated conservatively at 300,000 to 400,000 who managed to escape to safety outside Nazi control.

• Number Who Survived: Approximately 3.5 million Jews survived in Europe by 1945.

Therefore, the calculation:

• 9.5 million (before the Holocaust) - 0.3 to 0.4 million (escaped) - 3.5 million (survived) = 5.6 to 5.7 million.

This rough calculation suggests that around 5.6 to 5.7 million Jews in Europe did not survive or escape the Holocaust, aligning closely with the commonly cited figure of 6 million Jewish victims, considering the variability and challenges in precise demographic data from that era.