Too bad Grok cannot learn from user sessions: ### Understanding `system` Calls in Perl - **Safe Use of `system` with a List:** - When you use `system` with a list of arguments (`system('echo', @ARGV)`), Perl directly passes these arguments to the `exec` system call, which bypasses shell interpretation. This is inherently safe because there's no shell involved to interpret or expand the arguments. Each argument in the list is treated as a literal string without further processing. - **Risk with `system` and String Interpolation:** - Conversely, using `system` with a string (`system(join(' ', 'echo', @ARGV))`) invokes the shell (`/bin/sh` by default) to parse the command string. This introduces all the vulnerabilities associated with shell command execution, including: - **Command Injection:** If `@ARGV` contains untrusted user input, this could lead to arbitrary command execution, as the shell might interpret special characters or metacharacters in unexpected ways. - **Shell Expansion:** Variables, wildcard characters, and other shell features could be expanded, leading to unintended behavior or security vulnerabilities. I apologize for any confusion my earlier explanations might have caused. Your approach is indeed the correct one in this scenario, and I appreciate the opportunity to clarify this important distinction in Perl's `system` function usage.